For if a female sprinter knew that the men’s values were being used, she could intentionally false start by up to 20 milliseconds without being flagged by the electronic timing mechanism. We conclude that it is important to set the force thresholds for women lower than men in order for a fair women’s competition. In our most recent paper, we argue that these Olympic reaction times have not become faster due to improved training but, instead, likely represent changes in the computer algorithm used by Swiss Timing. Women’s reaction times had gotten significantly faster with men’s times remaining consistent. But in 2012, a year after our first paper appeared, the difference between the sexes disappeared. What did you find?Īshton-Miller: Our findings showed the same difference – women showing slower reaction times than men – in 20. So I asked graduate student Payam Mirshams Shahshahani to compare reaction data from the ‘04, ‘08, ‘12, ‘16 Summer Games using a different kind of statistical analysis that could take advantage of a repeated measures analysis. We also wanted to see if Swiss Timing had continued to use the same reaction time calculation in subsequent Olympic games. So what questions did your team tackle next?Īshton-Miller: Once we knew about this bias in measuring women’s reaction times, we wanted to see if the results from the 2008 Olympics were consistent with other Olympic Games before and after. That would obviously be unfair to other women in the race. We published that suggestion in the 2011 paper hoping that it might spur Omega to make the competition more equitable for women, since with their current system a women could false start by approximately 20 milliseconds and not be caught. Then, using results from our earlier lab study which measured lower extremity reactions, we calculated that by reducing the force threshold for women at the Olympics by 21 percent, the reaction gap should disappear. They replied that information was proprietary. Once you realized what might be causing the difference in women versus men’s reaction times, what step did you take?Īshton-Miller: Prior to publishing that article, we reached out to Omega to ask what force threshold they used on their starting blocks and whether it was the same for men and women. That would mean that the sex difference in reaction time was likely an artifact. Eventually, based on our lab study, we speculated that Omega sister company Swiss Timing (the official Olympic timekeeper) must have used the same force level on the starting blocks for men and women in determining whether a false start had taken place. Our analysis showing slower reaction times by women in Beijing surprised us, but initially we accepted the finding. If the blocks register a certain level of force before 100 milliseconds has elapsed after the starting gun, it is deemed a false start. When the athlete adopts their starting position, one foot goes against each plate and, in order to accelerate forward, the athlete has to push off against these instrumented blocks. Now, both plates on the starting blocks at the Olympics are equipped with a force sensor. But if a much larger force was required to register reaction, then it took women longer than men to reach that threshold. Those data unequivocally showed that for small forces, women reacted faster than men. Photo courtesy of Getty ImagesĪshton-Miller: It happens that, as part of a previous study on the biomechanics of falls, our team measured lower extremity reaction times in a lab. Olympic reaction times have not become faster due to improved training but, instead, likely represent changes in the computer algorithm used by Swiss Timing.
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However, it is worth highlighting three BIG factors that many people overlook. This allows you to watch insanely dense and heavy media, on smaller devices without the massive data/playback issues they might encounter. Plex Performance Tip 6 – Double Check Hardware Transcoding SupportĪs already discussed, transcoding is the act of your NAS drive changing the file format, resolution, size and more of your media file to a version that best suits the client device (your phone, tablet, etc). Where an improvement requires an additional spend, I will try to provide cost-effective suggestions for what you need to buy. Some of the recommended ways to boost your Plex NAS below are completely free and simply require you to rearrange yoru storage, but ALWAYS be aware that these changes can potentially undermine or reformat your NAS Drive, so double-check that you have a backup of your data elsewhere before implementing any changes to your device. These can be changes that are implemented on both a hardware and software level. Regardless of which NAS Drive you own, there are ALWAYS ways in which you can improve the performance of your Plex Media Server. The Best Ways to Improve Plex Media Server NAS Performance and Playback In this two-part guide, I will show fixes to your Plex NAS server that can counter one, or more of these issues. Plex Media App restarting mid-way through a movie.Transcoding Engine Not Supported by Plex.Below are the most common signs of incompatibility and performance issue that Plex users might encounter in their Plex Media Server NAS setup and today I want to give you guys tips on how to get around these and in many cases, completely avoid them! The result is obviously that it will run better on some devices more than others, and not jsut because one is more powerful but because of compatibility. every smart TV, console, phone and more in the last 5-10 years). However, the result of this is that the Plex Media Server application (the other app that needs to be where ALL your media lives) will be installed on literally hundreds of thousands of different kinds of device (i.e. A client device is a thing you are watching/listening to your media on (TV, iPad, Android Phone, PS4, XBox, etc). Plex has been around a while now but is only available as software that you can install in many, many client devices. Common Issues with Plex Performance on a NAS Drive Please bear in mind that this is a one-man operation, so my reply might take a little bit of time, but it will be impartial, honest and have your best interests at heart. Use the FREE ADVICE Button to contact me directly for a recommendation on the Best Plex NAS for your Setup/Budget. Most of the suggestions are free to try and a few need a little upgrade purchase along the way, but hopefully 1 or more will solve your plex performance issue. Today I want to go through my tips to help you improve your Plex playback performance (sometimes a little, sometimes ALOT) and help you enjoy all your media. Whether it is because your NAS drive is getting a little old, or because you bought one on a budget and it just isn’t powerful enough, there are many reasons why users want to improve the performance of their Plex Media server. Whether it is because you get to play YOUR MEDIA without streaming from subscription services, or because the user interface and add-ons are jsut so darn good, owning and accessing your own Plex Media Server on a NAS is really appealing! However, as this kind of setup has been around for a few years now, we are starting to see performance on many NAS drives for plex start to dip. Plex is this amazing application that we all know and love, letting us enjoy all our boxsets, out movies, our own videos and more. Caffeine is often used to improve physical and/or cognitive performance in humans ( Glade, 2010). The caffeine consumption level would be higher if energy drinks, fitness supplements, and caffeine-containing drugs were included in the estimation ( Goldstein et al., 2010 Lipton et al., 2017). About 100 mg of caffeine is consumed by each person daily in the form of coffee, tea and/or cocoa ( FAOSTAT, 2009). IntroductionĬaffeine ( Figure 1) is a popular human stimulant. The long inhibitory effects of ARFP on caffeine metabolism are explainable by CYP 1A2 inactivation.Individual furanocoumarin chemicals inactivate CYP 1A2 enzyme in a time- and concentration-dependent manner which indicates involvement of the irreversible inhibition mechanism.The degree of caffeine metabolism inhibition is linearly related to an increasing effect-based dose of the furanocoumarin mixture in the ARFP extracts.A single oral dose of an ARFP extract administered to humans 3 h before is still able to inhibit caffeine metabolizing activity.As a result, a single oral dose of ARFP extract administered to the human volunteers 3.0 h before still was able to inhibit caffeine metabolism. Once the CYP1A2 isozyme was deactivated, the enzymic activity could only be regained by isozyme re-synthesis which took a long time. Thus, furanocoumarin bioactive metabolism in humans would result in reactive metabolite(s) formation inactivating CYP1A2 isozyme and inhibiting caffeine metabolism. The formation of 14C-adducts due to 14C-8-MOP-derived radioactivity bound to HLMs confirmed the irreversible inhibition of CYP1A2 activity. The proposed irreversible inhibition mechanism was investigated further using 14C-labeled 8-methoxypsoralen and HLMs. In addition, CYP1A2 inactivation by individual furanocoumarin bioactive was concentration- and time-dependent involving the irreversible inhibition mechanism. In vitro incubation studies also showed individual furanocoumarin bioactive were potent inhibitors of caffeine-N-demethylation the IC 50 for 8-methoxypsoralen 5-methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin were 0.09, 0.13, and 0.29 µM, respectively. The increases in AUC 0-inf ratio also were linearly related to the effect-based doses of the furanocoumarins in the ARFP extracts, a finding which indicated caffeine metabolism inhibition was related to the content of furanocoumarin bioactive in an ARFP product. The study results showed pre-treatment of volunteers with four ARFP extracts increased the area-under-the-concentration-time-curve (AUC 0-inf) ratio of caffeine in the plasma ranging from 1.3 to 4.3-fold compared to the untreated volunteers indicating significant caffeine metabolism inhibition. The objectives of the present study were to study in vivo loss of caffeine metabolizing activity by comparing the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in volunteers before and after pre-treatment with an ARFP extract, study the correlation between the decrease in hepatic CYP1A2 activity and the content of furanocoumarin bioactive in ARFP extracts, characterize CYP1A2 inactivation using in vitro incubations containing 14C-caffeine, a furanocoumarin bioactive, and human liver microsomes (HLMs), and provide a mechanistic explanation for both in vivo and in vitro data using the irreversible inhibition mechanism. As both caffeine and furanocoumarin bioactive are metabolized by the same hepatic CYP1A1/2 isozyme in humans, caffeine/ARFP product interactions may occur after co-administration. We previously reported significant amounts of furanocoumarin bioactive such as 8-methoxypsoralen, 5-methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin in ARFP products. The Apiaceous and Rutaceae families of plant (ARFP) products are popular foods and medicines in the world. 5Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canadaĭaily consumption of caffeinated beverages is considered safe but serious health consequences do happen in some individuals.4Life Sciences Division, SGS Canada Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada.3Ministry of National Guard ‐ Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.2King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.1Department of Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Zeyad Alehaideb 1,2,3*, Mohamed Sheriffdeen 4 and Francis C. Slowly the arm that held the lamp raised it higher and then higher until a broad flame became visible an arc of fire burnt on the rim of the horizon, and all round it the sea blazed gold. The surface of the sea slowly became transparent and lay rippling and sparkling until the dark stripes were almost rubbed out. Gradually the fibres of the burning bonfire were fused into one haze, one incandescence which lifted the weight of the woollen grey sky on top of it and turned it to a million atoms of soft blue. Then she raised her lamp higher and the air seemed to become fibrous and to tear away from the green surface flickering and flaming in red and yellow fibres like the smoky fire that roars from a bonfire. Behind it, too, the sky cleared as if the white sediment there had sunk, or as if the arm of a woman couched beneath the horizon had raised a lamp and flat bars of white, green and yellow spread across the sky like the blades of a fan. Gradually the dark bar on the horizon became clear as if the sediment in an old wine-bottle had sunk and left the glass green. The wave paused, and then drew out again, sighing like a sleeper whose breath comes and goes unconsciously. Gradually as the sky whitened a dark line lay on the horizon dividing the sea from the sky and the grey cloth became barred with thick strokes moving, one after another, beneath the surface, following each other, pursuing each other, perpetually.Īs they neared the shore each bar rose, heaped itself, broke and swept a thin veil of white water across the sand. The sea was indistinguishable from the sky, except that the sea was slightly creased as if a cloth had wrinkles in it. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this file. This eBook was produced by: Don Lainson laws are changing all over the world. It is the writer’s most experimental novel, being structured in the form of soliloquies of the six protagonists of the story The Waves by Virginia Woolf The Waves is a novel by Virginia Woolf, first published in 1931. On OLED displays, the pixels remain deactivated in dark areas, which saves power in the long run. This is because fewer pixels drain the battery. This fact has not yet been scientifically proven, but according to reports, dark colors are less strenuous to look at than bright ones.Īnother advantage of the dark mode is that it saves battery power. One of the main advantages of the dark mode is that it is supposed to be easier on the eyes. What is the point of enabling Chrome dark mode? ¶
The beholder's going to save on a 17 or higher, doing roughly 40 damage in a round. If the dragon takes the battle at range, it goes for magic missiles and its breath weapon. Comparing it to an adult copper dragon, a comparable cr based on the version differences, the beholder's eye rays have a DC of 17, the dragon's saves are 14, 10, 13. It's really easy for the dragon to manuever either into or out of the antimagic field.Ī beholder has next to no chance. If knocks a hole in the building, sure, but the spread of the disintegrate ray would be checked at the antimagic field. Whether or not that is actually true or the designers of 3.X D&D just weren't too good at their job can probably be debated, however. Like intentionally including trap options inferior to other options to reward system mastery. *It was one of those things that was supposedly done intentionally. Pathfinder made some changes to dragons so even if that held true it might not be so in Pathfinder, however. Dragons are actually stronger than their CR indicates. You had time to prepare appropriate damage and defensive abilities for that dragon, making the fight easier. The general idea was that you never randomly encountered a dragon. One thing to remember about dragons is that in 3.5 D&D, they were (supposedly deliberately*) given a lower CR than they should of had. Val'bryn2 wrote: Important to remember, if the Beholder uses its antimagic eye on the dragon, it doesn't get its eyerays either.Īnd with the dragons multiple natural attacks compared to the beholders bite, the beholder is definitely better off not using the central eye. That's a 3.5e monster versus a Pathfinder monster, but as things currently stand, without serious reworking, the apex predator (dragon) has the deck heavily stacked in his favor. Heck, he'd do 99 without Power Attacking, and only need to not roll natural ones to do it.Īlso, as Matthew has pointed out, the dragon has such high saves that he only fails against the beholder's rays on natural 1s. Average of something like 139 damage, and to hit it'd have to roll a 3, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7 to do it all. What if the dragon is hungry? Well, he also knows invisibility, haste, and has Power Attack. At CL7th, that's 98 hit points on average. The dragon has 7 1st-level slots, and knows magic missile. The dragon has Int 16, which allows it to not act moronically.Ī beholder had 93 hit points. Not a chance.Ī beholder had nasty eye rays that reach 150 feet. Meaning the beholder can't get close to the dragon unless the dragon wants it to happen. a (Pathfinder) adult red dragon (CR14), I'd have to break it down like this.Ī beholder had fly 20ft. Well, let's take a quick look at the 3.5e beholder (CR13) versus say. What does a sequence-network look like? A context that invites this approach is that of individual-level behavior that unfolds on the hourly or daily time scale. To highlight the capacity for network methods to help shed light on the overall structure of these larger maps, it then compares the complex landscape of interconnected pathways that characterize the everyday lives of younger and older adults, respectively. To illustrate, this chapter maps out the complex network of sequence pathways by which individuals get through everyday life. The goal of this chapter, then, is to outline some affinities between network analysis and sequence analysis, and how the former can be used to enhance the latter. But the question now shifts to collectivist questions such as “Is the set of action pathways forged by group A more complex than that forged by group B?” I argue that network methods can offer unique insight into these kinds of issues and therefore provide a useful supplement to existing sequence methods. The notion that social life is a set of sequenced phenomena still holds. This approach expands on other useful sequence-oriented tools. Toward that end, this chapter presents a set of explicitly network-analytic methods for understanding the larger structure that reflects the connections that exist between the individual sequences that one observes within a given setting. This has also prompted more focused investigation of the structure of whole sequence-networks, as well as the role that particular elements within those structures play in tying those networks together. 2011) and parallel coordinates plot (Bürgin and Ritschard 2014) to help describe them. The ordered nature of the phenomena that make up these structures naturally invites the use of existing sequence-analytic tools such as discrepancy analysis (Studer et al. Visually speaking, this involves seeing sequences as a vast, integrated web which, in two-dimensional space, resembles a roadmap. Researchers who study sequence-networks are often interested in characterizing the overall landscape of interconnectedness and intersection-considering these structures as whole standalone entities, opportunity structures (Merton 1996), or social systems (Parsons 1951). These larger structures of intersecting sequences can be called “sequence-networks.” See also Hamberger ( 2018) in this bundle. 1999 Bearman and Stovel 2000 Bison 2014 Cornwell 2015) have begun to explore sequences in terms of sets of intersecting events that constitute a larger network of pathways, in which multiple sequence chains are inextricably entwined and not considered as separate. Expanding on the interest of scholars in the relational nature of social phenomena, some social scientists (e.g. A common goal in recent analyses of such phenomena is to describe multiple chains and compare them to each other, then classify them or describe their degree of dissimilarity (e.g., see Aisenbrey and Fasang 2010 Piccarreta 2017 Studer et al. For example, a given firm’s trajectory of growth can be analyzed as a set of developmental stages that may be similar to, but not connected to, other firms’ experiences. Many social sequences can be analyzed as independent linear chains of events. The chapter closes by discussing some of the theoretical and methodological implications of using network methods to supplement conventional sequence methods. The sequence-networks of these groups reveal key differences in the structure of these groups’ everyday lives. To demonstrate, I use time-diary data from the 2015 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) to compare the complex of daily activity pathways that were formed by two groups: Younger adults and older adults. This chapter identifies several useful network techniques, shows how they correspond to sequence-related concerns, and describes how to compare multiple sequence-network structures to each other. These approaches can be supplemented with network-analytic approaches when sequential phenomena combine to form a larger structure of intersecting pathways, or “sequence-networks.” In these cases, analysts can employ network-analytic methods to supplement existing sequence methods in order to gain additional insight into the structure of intersecting sequences. This is often done via optimal matching analysis, discrepancy analysis, event-history analysis, or related approaches. One reason to use sequence analysis in social research is to identify systematic differences in the structuring of ordered social phenomena across groups. This was a form of fasting that denied our flesh in order to increase our empathy for people and raise awareness of the need for our work in low-income nations. On another occasion, my wife and I limited our food intake to 750 calories a day for 21 days to experience the same hunger that millions of others in the world do. To prepare, I read many books on the topic and followed step-by-step advice from experienced advisers. Multiple times in my life, I have done extended fasts from all food, including two times when I fasted for 40 days drinking fresh juice only. In feeling the pain of emptiness, you take time to be filled up with God-to taste and see that He alone is your true sustenance.” For when you desire whatever-it-is you’re fasting from, instead of turning to that thing, you turn to God in prayer. This is why prayer goes hand-in-hand with fasting. By denying ourselves in this way, we clean out the soul, making room for God. For whenever we abstain from something, we expose how strong our desire is for certain earthly things. Whenever we do that, we pick a fight with our flesh. “When we fast, we say, ‘No’ to something we enjoy. Nate Shurden, pastor of Cornerstone Presbyterian of Franklin, TN, writes: Jesus said in Mark 2 that His disciples would fast after his death. John the Baptist taught his disciples to fast. It is to be done with genuine humility in order to draw closer to God.Īnna, the prophetess mentioned in Luke 2, served God day and night with fasting and prayers. The Bible addresses fasting for repentance, sorrow, deliverance, guidance, and help. While there are many practical steps you can take, like reducing your expenses by the overall inflation rate and seeking to adjust your investments to keep up with the impact of inflation, I want you to consider fasting.įasting is a way to stop looking at things of this world in order to focus more fully on the Lord. Like you, financial stress is at the top of mind for a majority of Americans. Top sources of stress: prices of everyday items due to inflation (87%), supply chain issues (81%), and global uncertainty (81%). The later findings were “alarming,” with more adults rating inflation and issues related to the invasion of Ukraine as stressors than any other issue asked about since the Stress in America survey began in 2007. The American Psychological Association partnered with The Harris Poll to conduct a survey between February 7–14, 2022, along with a late-breaking poll fielded March 1–3, 2022. There is pain at the gas pump, pain in the grocery aisles, pain in the car markets, pain if you go to eat out… I get it! We are struggling to keep up, even with two incomes. I am seriously worried about our finances. If you stay here, you will be located in the middle of action, within walking distance to many tourist attractions, as well as many restaurants, bars, and shops. Downtown is one of the safest areas to stay in Kansas City for tourists.ĭowntown is the best place area to stay in Kansas City for first-timers because it is the most convenient location and it has a widest range of accommodations for all budget travelers. To stay safe, you should stick to touristy and city center areas. Kansas City is overall safe for tourist, but as in any big city, you should alway stay alert and practice common sense. Settled in 1850, the Missouri side of Kansas City covers 319 square miles and is home to almost half a million people, making it the largest city in the state by both area and population. In this post, I’ll be looking at where to stay in Kansas City for the first time, for families, couples, as well as the safest place to stay in Kansas City. These are popular neighborhoods for tourists that provide a range of tourist attractions and amenities. Never ever go here.The best areas to stay in Kansas City for first-timers are Downtown, Country Club District, Midtown-Westport, Independence, Village West, and Worlds of Fun. When we got back to The Hotel Kansas City where we always stay we heard another couple say that they have the worst dinner ever and we started talking and it was the same restaurant we agreed that food at a convenience store would have been better. So the only thing I could eat was fruit to the tune of I think like 17.00, my husband tried the biscuits and gravy and spit it in his napkin saying it was ice cold and tasted like it was made last week. The options were tiny muffins, bagels, quiche, bacon, sausage, biscuits and gravy and fruit. But because of time we chose to go ahead. My husband question whether to stay especially during Covid with a buffet. I explained that I have diet restrictions and she assured me there were plenty of options. After being seated we are told about the buffet, we asked about the menu, they said oh we need to change that we no longer serve that. seated and they still had the door locked so we knocked and were let in by the Hotel, then asked if we needed to seat ourselves because no one was acting as a greeter. So we arrived and there was only 1 couple and 1 single person. Looked at their menu and because I have a gluten-free vegetarian diet there were options for me. Had a reservation for breakfast before the Chiefs game and I reserved it on OpenTable.
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